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PASSENGER RAILWAY TRANSPORTATION STATISTICS
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BTS Table 1-11: U.S. Railway Rolling Stock 1960-1995
  1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
Light Rail 2,856 1,549 1,262 1,061 1,013 717 910 1,092 1,055 1,001 1,051 1,048
Heavy Rail 9,010 9,115 (R) 9,338 9,608 9,641 9,326 10,567 10,478 10,391 10,282 10,282 10,166
Trolley Bus 3,826 1,453 1,050 703 823 676 610 551 665 635 643 695
Commuter Rail and Locomotives U U U U 4,500 4,035 4,982 5,126 5,164 4,982 5,126 5,164
Demand Response U U U U U 14,490 16,471 17,879 20,695 23,527 28,729 29,352
Other U U U U U 867 (R) 1,176 (R) 1,568 (R) 1,821 (R) 2,268 (R) 2,462 2,809
Class I Freight 1,658,292 1,478,005 1,423,921 1,359,459 1,168,114 867,070 658,902 633,489 605,189 587,033 590,930 583,486
Class I Locomotive 29,031 27,780 27,077 27,846 28,094 22,548 18,835 18,344 18,004 18,161 18,505 18,812
Nonclass I Freight 32,104 37,164 29,787 29,407 102,161 111,086 103,527 97,492 90,064 88,513 86,120 84,724
Freight Companies Shippers 275,090 285,493 330,473 334,739 440,552 443,530 449,832 458,679 477,883 497,586 515,362 550,717
Amtrak Passenger Train U U U 1,913 2,128 1,854 1,863 1,786 1,796 1,853 1,852 1,722
Amtrak Locomotive U U U 355 419 291 318 316 336 360 338 313

KEY: U = Data Unavailable; R = Revised.




BTS Table 1-11: U.S. Railway Rolling Stock 1996-2007
  1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Light Rail 1,114 1,078 1,076 1,180 1,327 1,371 1,448 1,482 1,622 1,645 1,801 1,810
Heavy Rail 10,243 10,228 10,296 10,362 10,311 10,718 10,849 10,754 10,858 11,110 11,052 11,222
Trolley Bus 675 655 646 657 652 600 616 672 597 615 609 559
Commuter Rail and Locomotives 5,240 5,426 5,536 5,550 5,498 5,572 5,724 5,959 6,228 6,392 6,403 6,391
Demand Response 30,804 32,509 29,646 31,884 33,080 34,661 34,699 35,954 37,078 41,958 43,509 64,865
Other (R) 2,996 (R) 3,807 (R) 4,706 (R) 5,076 (R) 5,360 (R) 5,792 (R) 5,581 (R) 6,141 (R) 6,406 7,080 8,741 13,877
Class I Freight 570,865 568,493 575,604 579,140 560,154 499,860 477,751 467,063 473,773 474,839 475,415 460,172
Class I Locomotive 19,269 19,684 20,261 20,256 20,028 19,745 20,506 20,774 22,015 22,779 23,732 24,143
Nonclass I Freight 87,364 116,108 121,659 126,762 132,448 125,470 130,590 124,580 120,169 120,195 120,688 120,463
Freight companies and shippers 582,344 585,818 618,404 662,934 688,194 688,806 691,329 687,337 693,978 717,211 750,404 805,074
Amtrak Passenger Train 1,730 1,728 1,962 1,992 1,894 2,084 2,896 1,623 1,211 1,186 1,191 1,164
Amtrak Locomotive 299 332 345 329 378 401 372 442 276 258 319 270

KEY: U = data are unavailable; R = revised.



BTS Table: 7 Incoming Passenger Trains Crossings U.S. Mexican Border
Port Name 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Arizona, Total NA NA NA NA NA 900 4,752 2,648 2,216 1,664
Douglas, AZ NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Lukeville, AZ NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Naco, AZ NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Nogales, AZ NA NA NA NA NA 900 4,752 2,648 2,216 1,664
Sasabe, AZ NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
San Luis, AZ NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
California, Total 1,941 6,134 5,579 6,378 7,591 9,581 5,522 7,204 4,154 2,072
Andrade, CA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Calexico, CA* 917 1,848 1,728 301 U U 9 U U U
Calexico East, CA U U U 1,253 1,589 1,743 1,687 1,722 1,934 1,456
Otay Mesa/San Ysidro, CA 159 1,411 480 490 386 446 408 464 460 460
Tecate, CA 865 2,875 3,371 4,334 5,616 7,392 3,418 5,018 1,760 156
New Mexico, Total NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Columbus, NM NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Santa Teresa, NM NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Texas, Total 2,604 7,088 5,706 5,126 5,100 5,688 7,980 9,043 8,738 8,365
Brownsville, TX 2,156 2,089 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Del Rio, TX NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Eagle Pass, TX 286 4,720 5,336 5,016 5,060 5,288 5,792 6,704 6,872 6,496
El Paso, TX NA NA NA NA NA 360 2,188 2,337 1,866 1,869
Fabens, TX NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Hidalgo, TX NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Laredo, TX NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Presidio, TX 162 279 370 110 40 NA NA 2 U U
Progreso, TX NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Rio Grande City, TX NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Roma, TX NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
U.S. - Mexico Border Total 4,545 13,222 11,285 11,504 12,691 16,169 18,254 18,895 15,108 12,101

Key:

NA: Data not applicable

U: Data are unavailable

* Data for the port of Calexico are typically reported as a combined total with Calexico East.

Source: U.S. DOT, BTS based on data from U.S. Customs Service, Mission Support Services, Office of Field Operations, Operations Management Database.


BTS Table: 7a Incoming Passenger Trains Crossings U.S. Canadian Border
Port Name 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Alaska, Total 25,008 18,767 23,068 22,323 30,580 28,166 35,253 33,753 29,754 44,430
Alcan, AK NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Dalton Cache, AK NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Skagway, AK 25,008 18,767 23,068 22,323 30,580 28,166 35,253 33,753 29,754 44,430
Idaho, Total 1,200 1,518 1,329 1,446 1,731 2,019 2,097 2,109 2,226 1,868
Eastport, ID 1,200 1,518 1,329 1,446 1,731 2,019 2,097 2,109 2,226 1,868
Porthill, ID NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Maine, Total 37,907 2,705 2,987 2,790 3,429 3,377 3,177 2,701 4,015 2,169
Bridgewater, ME NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Calais, ME NA NA NA NA NA 120 480 284 26 NA
Fort Fairfield, ME NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Fort Kent, ME NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Houlton, ME NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Jackman, ME 3,286 804 1,433 1,304 1,770 1,665 1,230 920 1,823 670
Limestone, ME NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Madawaska, ME 1,172 1,148 533 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Portland, ME (ferry crossing) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Van Buren, ME NA NA 408 832 779 803 835 793 1,353 923
Vanceboro, ME 33,449 753 613 654 880 789 632 704 813 576
Michigan, Total 38,250 35,866 43,790 47,495 53,268 52,127 53,721 R47,545 41,734 39,855
Algonac, MI NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Detroit, MI NA 1,950 12,234 11,938 12,255 11,528 11,792 R12,327 12,867 12,738
PortHuron, MI 36,904 32,687 28,973 33,412 39,846 39,288 40,633 33,130 26,815 25,485
Sault Ste. Marie, MI 1,346 1,229 2,583 2,145 1,167 1,311 1,296 2,088 2,052 1,632
Minnesota, Total 30,993 29,618 25,811 25,878 20,396 19,739 20,261 20,888 20,640 22,762
Baudette, MN 5,097 5,449 5,956 5,869 5,521 4,892 4,835 4,521 4,201 5,467
Grand Portage, MN NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
International Falls, MN 10,080 10,293 9,927 9,360 6,354 6,698 6,912 7,306 7,324 7,856
Noyes, MN 9,305 8,153 4,707 4,393 3,313 3,402 3,993 3,191 3,069 2,574
Pinecreek, MN NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Roseau, MN NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Warroad, MN 6,511 5,723 5,221 6,256 5,208 4,747 4,521 5,870 6,046 6,865
U.S. - Canada Border Total 278,130 226,796 213,596 249,106 245,933 249,172 269,502 R253,652 225,380 190,366

Key:

U: Data unavailable

NA: Data not applicable

Source: U.S. DOT, BTS based on data from U.S. Customs Service, Mission Support Services, Office of Field Operations, Operations Management Database.


BTS Table: 7b Incoming Passenger Trains Crossings U.S.Canadian Border
Port Name 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Montana, Total 1,123 1,214 1,327 1,195 1,119 1,176 1,447 1,074 1,116 1,101
Del Bonita, MT NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Morgan, MT NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Opheim, MT NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Piegan, MT NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Raymond, MT NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Roosville, MT NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Scobey, MT NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Sweetgrass, MT 1,123 1,214 1,327 1,195 1,119 1,176 1,447 1,074 1,116 1,101
Turner, MT NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Whitetail, MT NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Whitlash, MT NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
New York, Total 83,636 81,970 61,569 73,144 75,905 84,670 93,395 89,949 82,297 66,737
Alexandria Bay/Cape Vincent, NY NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Buffalo-Niagara, NY 45,898 46,152 31,857 37,924 45,651 48,196 53,603 53,337 47,315 37,240
Champlain-Rouse Pt., NY 31,816 33,111 27,686 33,424 28,483 34,806 38,459 35,257 33,738 28,325
Massena, NY NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Ogdensburg, NY NA NA NA 86 NA NA NA NA NA NA
Trout River/Fort Covington/Chateaugay, NY 5,922 2,707 2,026 1,710 1,771 1,668 1,333 1,355 1,244 1,172
U.S. - Canada Border Total 278,130 226,796 213,596 249,106 245,933 249,172 269,502 R253,652 225,380 190,366

Key:

U: Data unavailable

NA: Data not applicable

Source: U.S. DOT, BTS based on data from U.S. Customs Service, Mission Support Services, Office of Field Operations, Operations Management Database.


BTS Table: 7c Incoming Passenger Trains Crossings U.S. Canadian Border
Port Name 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
North Dakota, Total 3,456 3,904 3,849 4,094 4,441 4,774 5,181 5,285 5,757 5,786
Ambrose, ND NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Antler, ND NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Carbury, ND NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Dunseith, ND NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Fortuna, ND NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Hannah, ND NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Hansboro, ND NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Maida, ND NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Neche, ND NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Noonan, ND NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Northgate, ND NA NA NA NA 16 7 33 17 9 NA
Pembina, ND NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Portal, ND 3,456 3,904 3,849 4,094 4,425 4,767 5,148 5,268 5,748 5,786
Sarles, ND NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Sherwood, ND NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
St. John, ND NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Walhalla, ND NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Westhope, ND NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Vermont, Total 45,600 12,634 3,306 3,668 3,160 2,800 2,601 2,429 2,362 2,066
Beecher Falls, VT NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Derby Line, VT 1,000 944 193 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Highgate Springs, VT 42,842 9,953 722 677 691 711 706 707 722 714
Norton, VT 810 1,119 1,211 1,385 1,210 1,273 1,111 955 1,123 777
Richford, VT 948 618 1,180 1,606 1,259 816 784 767 517 575
Washington, Total 10,957 38,600 46,560 67,073 51,904 50,324 52,369 47,919 65,233 48,022
Blaine, WA 4,115 31,943 40,293 60,777 45,310 43,040 46,343 43,136 60,521 43,515
Boundary, WA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Danville, WA 758 808 715 801 755 624 667 637 577 397
Ferry, WA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Frontier, WA 888 882 522 800 718 1,546 722 677 762 693
Laurier, WA 763 743 730 687 741 722 625 549 589 497
Lynden, WA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Metaline Falls, WA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Nighthawk, WA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Oroville, WA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Point Roberts, WA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Sumas, WA 4,433 4,224 4,300 4,008 4,380 4,392 4,012 2,920 2,784 2,920
U.S. - Canada Border Total 278,130 226,796 213,596 249,106 245,933 249,172 269,502 R253,652 225,380 190,366

Key:

U: Data unavailable

NA: Data not applicable

Source: U.S. DOT, BTS based on data from U.S. Customs Service, Mission Support Services, Office of Field Operations, Operations Management Database.



NATIONAL RAIL PASSENGER CORPORATION STATE STATISTICS
Alabama
2007 | 2008
Arizona
2007 | 2008
Arkansas
2007 | 2008
California
2007 | 2008
Colorado
2007 | 2008
Connecticut
2007 | 2008
Delaware
2007 | 2008
Florida
2007 | 2008
Georgia
2007 | 2008
Idaho
2007 | 2008
Illinois
2007 | 2008
Indiana
2007 | 2008
Iowa
2007 | 2008
Kansas
2007 | 2008
Kentucky
2007 | 2008
Louisiana
2007 | 2008
Maine
2007 | 2008
Maryland
2007 | 2008
Massachusetts
2007 | 2008
Michigan
2007 | 2008
Minnesota
2007 | 2008
Mississippi
2007 | 2008
Missouri
2007 | 2008
Montana
2007 | 2008
Nebraska
2007 | 2008
Nevada
2007 | 2008
New Hampshire
2007 | 2008
New Jersey
2007 | 2008
New Mexico
2007 | 2008
New York
2007 | 2008
North Carolina
2007 | 2008
North Dakota
2007 | 2008
Ohio
2007 | 2008
Oklahoma
2007 | 2008
Oregon
2007 | 2008
Pennsylvania
2007 | 2008
Rhode Island
2007 | 2008
South Carolina
2007 | 2008
Tennessee
2007 | 2008
Texas
2007 | 2008
Utah
2007 | 2008
Vermont
2007 | 2008
Virginia
2007 | 2008
Washington
2007 | 2008
West Virginia
2007 | 2008
Wisconsin
2007 | 2008

2003 PRIVATE PASSENGER COACH STATISTICS
Month October November December January Febuary March April May June July August September
Total Moves
226
111
69
43
59
64
99
161
139
154
100
133
Total Miles
114,075
51,649
19,971
22,481
24,914
46,422
80,052
65,881
82,402
82,846
36,300
107,876
Total Revenue
$141,361
$75,282
$27,554
$34,551
$35,846
$65,717
$113,247
$101,038
$115,877
$106,649
$53,638
$114,630

Total Moves: 1358

Total Miles: 724, 869

Total Revenue: $1,015,391


AMTRAK 25 BUSIEST 2008 STATIONS
 
Tickets From
Tickets To
Total Ridership
New York
4,384,803
4,354,542
8,739,345
Washington, DC
2,258,113
2,231,842
4,489,955
Philadelphia, PA
1,984,998
1,983,280
3,968,278
Chicago, IL
1,548,101
1,556,050
3,104,151
Los Angeles, CA
787,707
794,657
1,582,364
Boston, MA
693,281
700,410
1,393,691
Sacramento, CA
578,957
567,351
1,146,308
Baltimore, MD
507,929
512,375
1,020,304
San Diego, CA
466,448
445,648
912,096
Albany-Rensselaer, NY
416,711
414,029
830,740
Wilmington, DE
364,071
367,468
731,539
New Haven,
352,130
353,328
705,458
Newark, NJ
341,619
337,660
679,279
Irvine, CA
334,958
334,447
669,405
BWI Airport, MD
320,175
324,465
644,640
Seattle, WA
313,669
303,398
617,067
Providence, RI
301,709
306,708
608,417
Portland, OR
297,858
300,775
598,633
Milwaukee, WI
284,233
280,776
565,009
Emeryville, CA
263,102
265,101
528,203
Harrisburg, PA
264,932
262,124
527,056
Lancaster, PA
242,241
241,861
484,102
Davis, CA
230,262
221,733
451,995
Trenton, NJ
225,547
225,543
543 451,090
Solana Beach, CA
231,251
216,830
448,081


TOTAL ACCIDENTS/INCIDENTS JANUARY-SEPTEMBER 2009
  Counts Percent Change
2006 2007 2008 2009 2008- 2009 2006- 2009
01 RAILROADS REPORTING 712 720 733 734 0.1 3.1
02 TOTAL ACCIDENTS/INCIDENTS 10,492 10,481 9,689 7,938 -18.1 -24.3
03 Fatalities 679 634 622 543 -12.7 -20.0
04 Nonfatal 6,692 7,193 6,754 5,539 -18.0 -17.2
05 TRAIN ACCIDENTS 2,269 2,045 1,904 1,378 -27.6 -39.3
06 Fatalities 1 4 25 3 -88.0 200.0
07 Nonfatal 144 133 303 81 -73.3 -43.8
08 Collisions 152 148 144 104 -27.8 -31.6
09 Derailments 1,651 1,492 1,378 979 -29.0 -40.7
10 Other 466 405 382 295 -22.8 -36.7
11 Track causes 792 721 647 477 -26.3 -39.8
12 Human factors 806 773 684 468 -31.6 -41.9
13 Equipment causes 268 250 264 188 -28.8 -29.9
14 Signal causes 41 33 38 35 -7.9 -14.6
15 Misc. causes 362 268 271 210 -22.5 -42.0
16 Yard accidents 1,192 1,068 1,058 736 -30.4 -38.3
17 HIGHWAY-RAIL INCS. 2,165 2,031 1,787 1,379 -22.8 -36.3
18 Fatalities 274 258 215 181 -15.8 -33.9
19 Nonfatal 763 756 688 504 -26.7 -33.9
20 OTHER INCIDENTS 6,058 6,405 5,998 5,181 -13.6 -14.5
21 Fatalities 404 372 382 359 -6.0 -11.1
22 Nonfatal 5,785 6,304 5,763 4,954 -14.0 -14.4
23 EMPLOYEE FATALITIES 10 10 20 13 -35.0 30.0
24 EMPLOYEE NONFATAL 4,107 4,059 3,798 3,262 -14.1 -20.6
25 TRESPASSER FATALITIES 390 348 357 339 -5.0 -13.1
26 TRESPASSER NONFATAL 376 316 329 260 -21.0 -30.9

NOTES:
  • Total accidents/incidents rate is the total number of accidents/incidents reported times 1,000,000, divided by total train miles.
  • Train accident rate is the number of train accidents times 1,000,000 divided by total train miles.
  • Yard accident rate is the number of train accidents that occurred on yard track times 1,000,000 divided by the number of yard switching train miles.
  • Other track rate is the number of accidents that did not occur on yard track times 1,000,000 divided by total train miles minus yard switching train miles.
  • Highway-rail incident rate is the number of incidents times 1,000,000 divided by the total number of train miles.
  • Employee on duty rate is the number of reported cases (fatal and nonfatal) times 200,000 divided by the number of employee hours worked.
  • Trespasser rate is the number of reported cases (fatal and nonfatal), excluding those associated with highway-rail incidents times 1,000,000 divided by the total train miles.


  • ACCIDENT/INCIDENT RATE SUMMARY JANUARY-SEPTEMBER 2009
    Type 2006 2007 2008 2009 Chg
    2008
    2009
    Chg
    2006
    2009
    Tot accidents/incidents 17.29 17.72 16.59 15.92 -4.04 -7.91
    Train accidents 3.74 3.46 3.26 2.76 -15.2 -26.1
    Yard accidents 17.75 13.69 13.56 11.84 -12.7 -33.3
    Other track 2.00 1.90 1.67 1.47 -12.0 -26.3
    Highway-rail incs. 3.57 3.43 3.06 2.77 -9.62 -22.5
    Employee on duty 2.24 2.22 2.10 2.01 -4.25 -10.4
    Trespassers 1.26 1.12 1.17 1.20 2.27 -4.81
    Passengers on train 5.61 8.75 7.57 5.56 -26.6 -1.00

    NOTES:
  • Total accidents/incidents rate is the total number of accidents/incidents reported times 1,000,000, divided by total train miles.
  • Train accident rate is the number of train accidents times 1,000,000 divided by total train miles.
  • Yard accident rate is the number of train accidents that occurred on yard track times 1,000,000 divided by the number of yard switching train miles.
  • Other track rate is the number of accidents that did not occur on yard track times 1,000,000 divided by total train miles minus yard switching train miles.
  • Highway-rail incident rate is the number of incidents times 1,000,000 divided by the total number of train miles.
  • Employee on duty rate is the number of reported cases (fatal and nonfatal) times 200,000 divided by the number of employee hours worked.
  • Trespasser rate is the number of reported cases (fatal and nonfatal), excluding those associated with highway-rail incidents times 1,000,000 divided by the total train miles.

  • RAILWAY JOB PROSPECTS
    Projections data from the National Employment Matrix
    Occupational title
    SOC Code
    Employment, 2006
    Projected
    employment,
    2016
    Change, 2006-16
    Detailed statistics
    Number
    Percent

    Rail transportation occupations

    53-4000
    125,000
    127,000
    1,800
    1
    PDF
    zipped XLS

    Locomotive engineers and operators

    53-4010
    47,000
    48,000
    1,300
    3
    PDF
    zipped XLS

    Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators

    53-4021
    25,000
    22,000
    -2,800
    -11
    PDF
    zipped XLS

    Railroad conductors and yardmasters

    53-4031
    40,000
    44,000
    3,600
    9
    PDF
    zipped XLS

    Subway and streetcar operators

    53-4041
    6,900
    7,800
    800
    12
    PDF
    zipped XLS

    Rail transportation workers, all other

    53-4099
    6,800
    5,500
    -1,300
    -19
    PDF
    zipped XLS

       

    NOTE: Data in this table are rounded. See the discussion of the employment projections table in the Handbook introductory chapter on Occupational Information Included in the Handbook.

    NOTE: Passenger rail service is anticipated to increase volume on pace with the growing population, as are public transit authorities. Employment of subway and streetcar operators will see average growth due to increased demand for light-rail transportation systems around the country.

    Job Prospects. Opportunities for rail transportation workers will be Favorable as a large number of older workers are expected to retire over the next decade. Other workers will leave the occupation for various personal and professional reasons, creating further opportunities. Prospects will be best for those positions that are also expected to see growth, for example locomotive engineers and conductors. There will also be job opportunities for those positions that are expected to decline, for example brake, signal, and switch operators. These openings will be the result of retirements and other separations. Entry-level occupations such as brake operator and conductor should be plentiful for applicants with clean drug and criminal records. Opportunities for long-distance train crews are also expected to be good as many of those working in the yards prefer not to travel long distances.

    Median hourly earnings of rail transportation occupations in May 2006 are indicated in the tabulation below. These earnings were relatively high, compared to $12.17 per hour for all transportation occupations.

    Locomotive engineers $27.88
    Railroad conductors and yardmasters $26.70
    Subway and streetcar operators $23.55
    Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators $23.49

    Most railroad transportation workers are paid according to miles traveled or hours worked, whichever leads to higher earnings. Factors such as seniority, job assignments, and location impact potential earnings.

    Seventy-four percent of railroad transportation workers are members of unions compared to 12 percent for all occupations. Many different railroad unions represent various crafts on the railroads. Among the largest of the railroad employee unions are the United Transportation Union and the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and Trainmen. Many subway operators are members of the Amalgamated Transit Union, while others belong to the Transport Workers Union of North America.


    For the latest wage information:

    The above wage data are from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) survey program, unless otherwise noted. For the latest National, State, and local earnings data, visit the following pages:

  • Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators
  • Railroad conductors and yardmasters
  • Subway and streetcar operators
  • Rail transportation workers, all other

    • RESERVATION AND TRANSPORTATION TICKET AGENTS
      Projections data from the National Employment Matrix
      Occupational title
      SOC Code
      Employment, 2006
      Projected
      employment,
      2016
      Change, 2006-16
      Detailed statistics
      Number
      Percent

      Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks

      43-4181
      165,000
      167,000
      1,800
      1
      PDF
      zipped XLS

         

      NOTE: Data in this table are rounded. See the discussion of the employment projections table in the Handbook introductory chapter on Occupational Information Included in the Handbook. NOTE: Employment of reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks is expected to show little or no growth during the projection period. Additionally, applicants for these jobs are likely to encounter keen competition.

      Employment Change. Employment of reservation and transportation ticket agents is expected grow only 1 percent from 2006 to 2016, reflecting "Little Or No Change To Employment" . Despite a growing and more mobile population who will likely travel more frequently, newer automated reservations and ticketing operations will speed transaction time and reduce the need for more workers to handle the expected higher volume of business. Most train stations and airports now have self-service ticket printing machines, or kiosks, which enable passengers to make reservations, purchase tickets, and check-in for train rides and flights themselves. Many passengers also are able to check travel times and fares, make reservations, purchase tickets, and check-in for most domestic flights on the Internet. Nevertheless, not all travel-related passenger services can be fully automated, primarily for safety and security reasons, and not all passengers use these automated services. As a result, job openings will continue to become available as increasing numbers of people travel more frequently. Additional growth will result to meet the travel needs of the growing retirement population, particularly in less traditional transportation centers, such as with boat or cruise operators or with companies who rent recreational vehicles.

      Job Prospects. Job applicants often Facing Competition for these jobs, because entry requirements are relatively low and benefits for those who like to travel, particularly on the airlines, are high. Applicants who have previous experience in the travel industry, in sales, or in customer service should have the best job prospects. Those who possess a pleasant personality and strong customer service skills also should have good job opportunities. Additional job opportunities will result from the need to replace workers who transfer to other occupations, retire, or leave the labor force altogether.

      Employment in these occupations may fluctuate with the economy. During recessions, discretionary passenger travel often declines, and transportation service companies are less likely to hire new workers and may institute layoffs.

      Median annual earnings of reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks in May 2006 were $28,540. The middle 50 percent earned between $21,640 and $38,540. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $17,670, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $45,400. Many employers offer discounts on travel services to their employees. In May 2006, median annual earnings in the industries employing the largest number of agents were:

      Scheduled air transportation $32,850
      Traveler accommodation $23,630
      Travel arrangement and reservation services $22,630


      For the latest wage information:

      The above wage data are from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) survey program, unless otherwise noted. For the latest National, State, and local earnings data, visit the following pages:

    • Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks

      • Table: 1 POPULATION AND POPULATION DENSITIES
        Europe, Japan, and the United States
        Paris
        8,548 827 10,300
        Lyon
        1,171 279 4,200
        Tokyo
        11,649 357 32,800
        Osaka
        2,648 98 27,100
        London
        6,900 621 11,100
        Glasgow
        763 61 12,447
        New York
        7,072 302 23,500
        Washington
        638 63 10,200
        Chicago
        3,005 228 13,174
        Detroit
        1,203 136 8,874
        Los Angeles
        2,967 468 6,400
        San Diego
        876 320 2,700

        NOTE: Population Square population per City pairs (000s) miles square mile

        SOURCE: “Far East and Australia Statistics,” 1982, Europa Publications;
        “U.K.Statistical Yaarbook, 1981, by HMSO (Her Majesty’s Statistics Office);
        “Whittaker’s Almanac,” 1963; “1980 Census of Population,” U.S. Department of Commerce, PC80 Series, February 1982.


        RAILROAD CLASIFICATION


        Class I Railroads:
        Account for 67% of the industry’s mileage, 90% of its employees, and 93% of its freight revenue. They operate in many states and concentrate largely (but not exclusively) on long-haul, high-density intercity traffic lanes. There are seven Class I railroads: BNSF, CSX, Grand Trunk Corporation (owned by Canadian National), Kansas City Southern, Norfolk Southern, Soo Line (owned by Canadian Pacific), and Union Pacific.

        Regional Railroads:
        Operate at least 350 miles and/or have revenue of between $40 million and the Class I threshold. There were 33 regional railroads in 2007. They typically operate 400 to 650 miles in two to four states and have 75 to 500 employees.

        Local Railroads:
        Operate less than 350 miles and earn less than $40 million per year; the vast majority operate fewer than 75 miles in a single state and earn less than $5 million per year. There were 324 local linehaul railroads in 2007.

        Switching and Terminal Railroads:
        Primarily provide switching and/or terminal services. Rather than point-to-point transportation, they usually perform pick up and delivery services within a specified area, or funnel traffic between other railroads. In 2007, there were 199 S&T railroads.

        The overwhelming majority of U.S. freight railroads are privately-owned and operate on tracks that are owned, built, and maintained by the railroads themselves. From 1980 to 2008, railroads re-invested some $440 billion of their own funds on locomotives, freight cars, tracks, bridges, tunnels and other infrastructure. Railroads have been re-investing record amounts back into their systems, and they are committed to continuing to make the substantial investments a first class rail system requires


        RAILROADS: TRANSPORTATION BACKBONE OF AMERICA


      • From one end of the country to the other, the United States is connected by the most efficient, affordable, and environmentally-responsible freight rail system in the world. The seven large “Class I” railroads, in conjunction with hundreds of smaller railroads, provide world-class rail service to towns and cities throughout the country.

      • From the food on our tables to the cars we drive to the shoes on our children’s feet, freight railroads carry the things America depends on. All told, railroads account for 43 percent of intercity freight volume — more than any other mode of transportation.

      • Nearly half of America’s electricity comes from coal, and 70 percent of coal is delivered by rail. Railroads also safely carry enormous amounts of chemicals, plastic resins, and fertilizers; cement, sand, and crushed stone; autos and auto parts; steel and other metal products; lumber; paper products; and much more.

      • Intermodal — shipping containers and truck trailers moving on railroads — has been the fastest growing rail traffic segment over the past 20 years, and now accounts for nearly as much rail revenue as coal. Talk about taking trucks off the road! Saving America Money.

      • Based on revenue per ton-mile (a surrogate for rail rates), average U.S. freight rail rates fell 49 percent from 1981 to 2008. This means the average shipper can ship two rail cars for about the same price it paid to move one 25 years ago. What other industry can make a claim like this?

      • According to World Bank data, average U.S. freight rail rates are half those in China and Japan, and 50 to 75 percent below those in major European countries. Essential to a Greener, More Energy-Efficient Future

      • These days, every industry is looking to “go green,” but America’s freight railroads have been “going green” for decades. In 2008, they moved a ton of freight an average of 457 miles per gallon of fuel (up from 436 miles in 2007). If just 10 percent of the longdistance freight that moves by truck moved by rail instead, fuel savings would exceed one billion gallons per year.

      • Greenhouse gas emissions are directly related to fuel consumption. That means that moving freight by rail instead of truck reduces greenhouse gas emissions by twothirds or more — without negatively affecting the economy. Railroad Regulation: A Remarkable “Before and After” Story.

      • Railroads were the first U.S. industry subject to widespread federal economic regulation. For nearly 100 years, Washington bureaucrats held a tight grip on rail operations.

      • Largely because of excessive regulation, by the 1970s U.S. freight railroads were on the brink of ruin. Bankruptcies were common, service was poor, and tracks and equipment were falling apart because railroads couldn’t afford the cost of upkeep. Railroads could not provide the efficient, reliable transportation that America needed.

      • In 1980, Congress wisely recognized the need for change and passed the Staggers Rail Act. Staggers ushered in a new era. Suddenly, railroads had the freedom to decide for themselves — rather than have Washington decide for them — what routes to use, what services to offer, and what prices to charge.

      • The more balanced and reasonable regulatory environment created by Staggers has been a great success for rail shippers, railroads — and, most importantly — the public at large. Thanks to Staggers, railroad productivity has skyrocketed — and most of the resulting savings have been passed on to shippers in the form of sharply lower rail rates.

      • Unlike trucks, barges, and airlines, U.S. freight railroads operate almost exclusively on tracks they build, maintain, and pay for themselves. From 1980 to 2008, railroads re-invested $440 billion back into their systems to create a safe, reliable system second to none in the world.

      • Under Staggers, regulators retained authority to protect shippers against unreasonable railroad conduct. Regulators still have this authority today. This ensures that freight rail is fair and competitive, and that railroads are held accountable for their actions. In the Future, Having Enough Rail Capacity Will Be Key.

      • America’s demand for safe, dependable freight transportation will skyrocket in the years ahead. Though freight railroads are already re-investing record amounts of their own funds back into their systems, they cannot keep up with this demand on their own.

      • How can policymakers help ensure that America has the rail capacity it needs? By implementing targeted tax incentives for projects that revitalize and expand rail capacity; by forming more partnerships with railroads; and by maintaining the existing regulatory balance that protects shippers and consumers against anti-competitive railroad behavior while giving railroads the freedom to operate in the competitive marketplace.

      • NOTE: Average Inflation-Adjusted U.S. Freight Railroad Rates Are Half What They Were in 1981

        NOTE: Preliminary Source AAR: (Class I Revenue Per Ton-Mile, All Commodities) Railroad rates are down 49% since the Staggers Act restored reasonable balance to railroad regulation.

        NOTE: AAR Policy and Economics Department


        CURRENT AND FORMER CLASS I RAILROADS
        North America
        Akron, Canton and Youngstown
        Alabama Great Southern
        Alabama, Tennessee and Northern
        Alabama and Vicksburg
        Alton Railroad
        Ann Arbor Railroad
        Arizona Eastern
        Arizona and New Mexico
        Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway
        Atlanta, Birmingham and Atlantic
        Atlanta, Birmingham and Coast
        Atlanta and St. Andrews Bay
        Atlanta and West Point
        Atlantic City
        Atlantic Coast Line
        Atlantic and Danville
        Atlantic and St. Lawrence
        Auto-Train Corporation
        Baltimore, Chesapeake and Atlantic
        Baltimore and Ohio
        Bangor and Aroostook
        Beaumont, Sour Lake and Western
        Bessemer and Lake Erie
        Bingham and Garfield
        BNSF Railway
        Boston and Maine Corporation
        Boston and Maine
        Buffalo, Rochester-Pittsburgh
        Buffalo and Susquehanna
        Burlington Northern Inc.
        Burlington Northern
        Burlington Northern-Santa Fe
        Burlington-Rock Island
        Butte, Anaconda and Pacific
        Cambria and Indiana
        Canadian National
        Canadian National in New England
        Canadian Northern
        Canadian Pacific
        Canadian Pacific in Maine
        Canadian Pacific Lines in Vermont
        Carolina, Clinchfield and Ohio
        Carolina and Northwestern
        Central of Georgia
        Central New England
        Central Railroad of New Jersey
        Central Railroad of Pennsylvania
        Central Vermont
        Charleston & Western Carolina
        Chesapeake and Ohio
        Chesapeake-Ohio of Indiana
        Chicago and Alton
        Chicago, Burlington and Quincy
        Chicago, Detroit-Canada Grand Trunk Jct
        Chicago & Eastern Illinois
        Chicago and Erie
        Chicago Great Western
        Chicago & Illinois Midland
        Chicago, Indiana & Southern
        Chicago, Indianapolis-Louisville
        Chicago, Milwaukee & Puget Sound
        Chicago, Milwaukee, St Paul-Pacific
        Chicago-North Western Transportation
        Chicago, Peoria & St Louis
        Chicago, Rock Island & Gulf
        Chicago, Rock Island-Pacific
        Chicago, St Paul, Minneapolis, Omaha
        Chicago Southern
        Chicago, Terre Haute-Southeastern
        Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton
        Cincinnati, Indianapolis-Western
        Cincinnati, Lebanon & Northern
        Cincinnati, New Orleans-Texas Pacific
        Cincinnati Northern
        Cleveland, Akron & Cincinnati
        Cleveland, Akron & Columbus
        Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago, St Louis
        Clinchfield
        Coal and Coke
        Colorado Midland
        Colorado Midland
        Colorado & Southern
        Colorado & Wyoming
        Columbus & Greenville
        Columbus & Greenville
        Consolidated Rail Corporation
        Copper River & Northwestern
        Cripple Creek-Colorado Springs
        CSX Transportation
        Cumberland Valley
        Cumberland Valley-Martinsburg
        Delaware & Hudson Company
        Delaware & Hudson
        Delaware & Hudson
        Delaware,Lackawanna-Western
        Denver, Northwestern-Pacific
        Denver & Rio Grande
        Denver-Rio Grande Western
        Denver & Salt Lake
        Denver & Salt Lake Railway
        Detroit,Grand Haven-Milwaukee
        Detroit & Mackinac
        Detroit, Toledo & Ironton
        Detroit, Toledo & Ironton
        Detroit& Toledo Shore Line
        Duluth & Iron Range
        Duluth, Missabe & Iron Range
        Duluth, Missabe and Northern
        Duluth, South Shore-Atlantic
        Duluth, Winnipeg and Pacific
        El Paso and Southwestern
        Elgin, Joliet and Eastern
        Erie
        Erie-Lackawanna
        Erie Lackawanna
        Evansville, Indianapolis-Terre Haute
        Evansville and Terre Haute
        Florence & Cripple Creek
        Florida East Coast
        Fonda, Johnstown-Gloversville
        Fort Smith and Western
        Fort Smith and Western
        Fort Worth and Denver
        Fort Worth-Denver City
        Fort Worth and Rio Grande
        Galveston, Harrisburg-San Antonio
        Georgia
        Georgia and Florida
        Georgia and Florida
        Georgia Southern-Florida
        Grand Canyon
        Grand Rapids and Indiana
        Grand Trunk Corporation
        Grand Trunk Western
        Grand Trunk Western
        Great Northern
        Green Bay and Western
        Gulf, Colorado-Santa Fe
        Gulf, Mobile and Northern
        Gulf, Mobile and Ohio
        Gulf and Ship Island
        Hocking Valley
        Houston East and West Texas
        Houston and Texas Central
        Illinois Central
        Illinois Central Gulf
        Illinois Terminal Company
        Illinois Terminal
        Indianapolis Southern
        International-Great Northern
        International-Great Northern
        International-Great Northern
        International Railway of Maine
        Iowa Central
        Kanawha and Michigan
        Kansas City, Mexico-Orient
        Kansas City, Mexico-Orient
        Kansas City, Mexico-Orient of Texas
        Kansas City Southern
        Kansas, Oklahoma-Gulf
        Lake Erie and Western
        Lake Shore-Michigan Southern
        Lake Superior and Ishpeming
        Lake Superior and Ishpeming
        Lehigh and Hudson River
        Lehigh and New England
        Lehigh Valley
        Litchfield and Madison
        Long Island
        Los Angeles-Salt Lake
        Louisiana and Arkansas
        Louisiana, Arkansas-Texas
        Louisiana Railway-Navigation
        Louisiana & Navigation of Texas
        Louisiana Western
        Louisville, Henderson-St Louis
        Louisville and Nashville
        Maine Central
        Maryland, Delaware-Virginia
        Michigan Central
        Michigan Interstate
        Midland Valley
        Mineral Range
        Minneapolis, Northfield-Southern
        Minneapolis and St Louis
        Minneapolis and St Louis
        Minneapolis, St Paul-Sault St Marie
        Minneapolis, St Paul-Sault St Marie
        Minnesota and International
        Mississippi Central
        Missouri and Arkansas
        Missouri-Illinois
        Missouri-Kansas-Texas
        Missouri, Kansas and Texas
        Missouri-Kansas-Texas of Texas
        Missouri, Kansas-Texas of Texas
        Missouri and North Arkansas
        Missouri and North Arkansas
        Missouri, Oklahoma-Gulf
        Missouri Pacific
        Missouri Pacific
        Mobile and Ohio
        Monon Railroad Monongahela
        Monongahela
        Montour
        Louisiana-Texas Steamship Co
        Nashville, Chattanooga-St Louis
        Nevada Northern
        New Jersey and New York
        New Orleans Great Northern
        New Orleans, Mobile-Chicago
        New Orleans-Northeastern
        New Orleans, Texas-Mexico
        New Orleans, Texas-Mexico
        New York Central
        New York Central-Hudson River
        New York, Chicago-St. Louis
        New York Connecting
        New York, New Haven-Hartford
        New York, Ontario-Western
        New York, Philadelphia-Norfolk
        New York, Susquehanna-Western
        Norfolk Southern
        Norfolk and Western
        Northern Alabama
        Northern Central
        Northern Pacific
        Northwestern Pacific
        Oahu Railway and Land Company
        Oklahoma City-Ada-Atoka
        Oregon Electric
        Oregon Railroad and Navigation
        Oregon Shortline
        Oregon-Washington RR and Navigation
        Pacific Electric
        Panhandle and Santa Fe
        Pecos and Northern Texas
        Penn Central Transportation
        Pennsylvania
        Pennsylvania Company
        Pennsylvania-Reading Seashore Lines
        Peoria and Eastern
        Pere Marquette
        Pere Marquette
        Perkiomen
        Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington
        Philadelphia and Reading
        Piedmont and Northern
        Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Chicago-St Louis
        Pittsburgh and Lake Erie
        Pittsburg and Shawmut Railroad
        Pittsburg, Shawmut and Northern
        Pittsburgh and West Virginia
        Port Reading
        Quanah, Acme and Pacific
        Quincy, Omaha and Kansas City
        Reading Company
        Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac
        Rutland
        Sacramento Northern
        St Joseph and Grand Island
        St Louis, Brownsville and Mexico
        St Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern
        St Louis-San Francisco
        St Louis, San Francisco & Texas
        St Louis Southwestern
        St Louis Southwestern of Texas
        San Antonio and Aransas Pass
        San Antonio, Uvalde and Gulf
        San Diego and Arizona
        San Diego and Arizona Eastern
        San Pedro, Los Angeles and Salt Lake
        Santa Fe, Prescott and Phoenix
        Savannah and Atlanta
        Seaboard Air Line
        Seaboard Coast Line
        Seaboard System
        Seattle Northcoast & Pt Towsend
        Soo Line
        Southern Indiana
        Southern Kansas of Texas
        Southern Pacific Company
        Southern Pacific Transportation Co
        Southern
        Southern Railway in Mississippi
        Spokane and Inland Empire
        Spokane International
        Spokane, Portland and Seattle
        Staten Island Rapid Transit
        Sunset
        Syracuse, Binghamton and NY
        Tacoma Rail Tennessee Central
        Texarkana and Fort Smith
        Texas Mexican
        Texas and New Orleans
        Texas and Northern
        Texas and Pacific
        Toledo and Ohio Central
        Toledo, Peoria and Western
        Toledo, St Louis and Western
        Trinity and Brazos Valley
        Ulster and Delaware
        Union Pacific
        Utah
        Vandalia
        VIA Rail Canada
        Vicksburg, Shreveport-Pacific
        Virginia and Southwestern
        Virginian
        Wabash
        Wabash Pittsburgh Terminal
        Washington Southern
        West Jersey and Seashore
        Western of Alabama
        Western Maryland
        Western Pacific
        Wheeling and Lake Erie
        Wheeling and Lake Erie
        Wichita Falls and Northwestern
        Wichita Falls and Southern
        Wichita Valley
        Wisconsin Central
        Wisconsin Central
        Yazoo and Mississippi Valley Railroad
        National Rail Passenger Corporation
        Kansas City Southern De Mexico
        Ferrocrril Mexicano-Ferromex
        CSX Corporation


        Note:Current Railroad


        BTS Rail Profile Financial Class I: 1960-1998
          1960 1970 1980 1990 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
        Total Operating Revenues* $9,514 $11,992 $28,370 $30,809 $32,280 $32,693 $33,118 $33,151 $33,521
        Passenger $640 $421 $446 $94 $88 $89 $59 $60 $61
        Freight $8,025 $10,922 $26,350 $27,471 $29,931 $31,356 $31,889 $32,322 $32,247
        Other $849 $649 $1,462 $805 $790 $835 $745 $736 $843
        Operating Expenses* $8,775 $11,478 $26,355 $24,652 $25,511 $27,897 $26,331 $27,291 $27,916
        AMTRAK
        Total Revenue* N $162 $429 $1,308 $1,413 $1,490 $1,550 $1,669 $2,244
        Total Expenses* N $301 $1,103 $2,012 $2,246 $2,257 $2,258 $2,359 $2,548

        Note: Data in Milloins*, Thousands**, N = data do not exist; R = revised.

        a Excluding Amtrak and all non-Class I railroads, except for Section IV.

        c Data for 2003 indicates operating revenues and expenses instead of total revenues and expenses, the data source has changed.

        f Amtrak data in this column are for 1972, Amtrak's first full year of operation.

        NOTE

        Amtrak figures are based on Amtrak fiscal year (October 1-September 30).

        SOURCES

        1 Association of American Railroads, Railroad Facts 2006 (Washington, DC: 2004), pp. 3, 9, 10, 27, 33, 34, 36, 40, 49, 52, 77 and similar pages in earlier issues.

        2 1970-2006: Amtrak, National Railroad Passenger Corporation Annual Report, Statistical Appendix to Amtrak Annual Report, Annual issues.


        BTS Rail Profile Financial Class I: 1999-2006
          1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005-R 2006
        Total Operating Revenues $33,521 $34,102 $34,576 $35,327 $36,639 $40,517 $46,118 $52,152
        Passenger $61 $62 $62 $61 $62 $63 $65 $70
        Freight $32,680 $33,083 $33,533 $34,110 $35,413 $39131 $44,457 $50,315
        Other $780 $957 $981 $1,155 $1,164 $1323 $1,597 $1,767
        Operating Expenses $28,011 $29,040 $29,164 $29,592 $31,440 $35,107 $37,843 $40,980
        AMTRAK
        Total Revenue $2,011 $2,111 $2,109 $2,228 $1,994-R $1,865R $1,886 $2,042
        Total Expenses $2,660 $2,876 $3,288 $3,224 $3,100-R $2,950R $2,940 $3,005

        Note: Data in Milloins*, Thousands**, N = data do not exist; R = revised.

        a Excluding Amtrak and all non-Class I railroads, except for Section IV.

        c Data for 2003 indicates operating revenues and expenses instead of total revenues and expenses, the data source has changed.

        NOTE

        Amtrak figures are based on Amtrak fiscal year (October 1-September 30).

        SOURCES

        1 Association of American Railroads, Railroad Facts 2006 (Washington, DC: 2004), pp. 3, 9, 10, 27, 33, 34, 36, 40, 49, 52, 77 and similar pages in earlier issues.

        2 1970-2006: Amtrak, National Railroad Passenger Corporation Annual Report, Statistical Appendix to Amtrak Annual Report, Annual issues.


        BTS Rail Profile Inventory Class I: 1960-1998
          1960 1970 1990 1980 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
        Total Vehicles 1,994,517R 1,811,258 1,738,921R 1,231,096R 1,210,917R 1,237,739R 1,259,842R 1,290,103R 1,335,928
        Class I Freight Cars 1,658,292 1,423,921 1,168,114 658,902 590,930 583,486 570,865 568,493 575,604
        Non-Class I Freight Cars 307,194 360,260 542,713 553,359 601,482 635,441 669,708 701,926 740,063
        Locomotives 29,031 27,077 28,094 18,835 18,505 18,812 19,269 19,684 20,261
        Total Companies 106 71 38 14 12 11 10 9 9
        Total Employees 780,494 566,282 458,994 216,424 189,962 188,215 181,809 177,981 178,222
        Total Railway Miles 207,334 196,479 164,822 119,758 109,332 108,264 105,779 102,128 100,570
        AMTRAK
        Railcars N 1,569 2,128 1,863 1,852 1,722 1,730 1,728 1,962
        Locomotives N 185 419 318 338 313 299 332 345
        Total Employees N 1,500 21,416 24,000 25,049 23,646 23,278 23,555 24,528
        Total Route Miles N N 24,000 24,000 25,000 24,000 25,000 25,000 22,000

        Note: Data in Milloins*, Thousands**, R = revised.

        a Excluding Amtrak and all non-Class I railroads, except for Section IV.

        f Amtrak data in this column are for 1972, Amtrak's first full year of operation.

        NOTE

        Amtrak figures are based on Amtrak fiscal year (October 1-September 30).

        SOURCES

        1 Association of American Railroads, Railroad Facts 2006 (Washington, DC: 2004), pp. 3, 9, 10, 27, 33, 34, 36, 40, 49, 52, 77 and similar pages in earlier issues.

        3 1970-80: Amtrak, National Railroad Passenger Corporation Annual Report,1972, 1980, 1990, and 1993-95. 1990-2000: Ibid., National Railroad Passenger Corporation Annual Report, Statistical Appendix to Amtrak Annual Report, Annual issues. 2001-05: Association of American Railroads, Railroad Facts 2006 (Washington, DC, 2006), p.77.

        4 1970-90: Amtrak, Public Affairs, personal communication. 1994-1997: Ibid., National Railroad Passenger Corporation Annual Report,1972, 1980, 1990, and 1993-95. 1998-2005: Association of American Railroads, Railroad Facts 2006 (Washington, DC: 2006), p. 77 and similar pages in earlier issues.

        5 1980-90: Amtrak, Route Miles by Railroad, Corp. Planning & Development. 1994-2001: Amtrak, National Railroad Passenger Corporation Annual Report, Statistical Appendix to Amtrak Annual Report, Annual issues. 2002-05: Association of American Railroads, Railroad Facts 2006 (Washington, DC, 2006), p. 77.


        BTS Rail Profile Inventory Class I: 1999-2006
          1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005-R 2006
        Total Vehicles 1,389,092-R 1,400,824-R 1,333,881-R 1,320,176-R 1,299,751-R 1,309,935-R 1,335,024 1,370,239
        Class I Freight Cars 579,140 560,154 499,860 477,751 467,063 473,773 474,839 475,415
        Non-Class I Freight Cars 789,696 820,642 814,276 821,919 811,917 814,147 837,406 871,092
        Locomotives 20,256 20,028 19,745 20,506 20,771 22,015 22,779 23,732
        Total Companies 9 8 8 7 7 7 7 7
        Total Personnel 177,557 168,360 162,155 157,372 154,652 157,699 162,438 167,581
        Total Railway Miles 99,430 99,250 97,817-R 100,125-R 99,126-R 97,662-R 95,830 94,614
        AMTRAK
        Railcars 1,992 1,894 2,084 2,896 1,623 1,211 1,186 1,191
        Locomotives 329 378 401 372 442 276 258 319
        Total Personnel 25,291 25,624 27,316 22,649 20,905 20,938 19,234 18,659
        Total Route Miles 23,000 23,000 23,000 23,000 22,675 22,256 22,007 21,708

        Note: Data in Milloins*, Thousands**, R = revised.

        a Excluding Amtrak and all non-Class I railroads, except for Section IV.

        NOTE

        Amtrak figures are based on Amtrak fiscal year (October 1-September 30).

        SOURCES

        1 Association of American Railroads, Railroad Facts 2006 (Washington, DC: 2004), pp. 3, 9, 10, 27, 33, 34, 36, 40, 49, 52, 77 and similar pages in earlier issues.

        3 1970-80: Amtrak, National Railroad Passenger Corporation Annual Report,1972, 1980, 1990, and 1993-95. 1990-2000: Ibid., National Railroad Passenger Corporation Annual Report, Statistical Appendix to Amtrak Annual Report, Annual issues. 2001-05: Association of American Railroads, Railroad Facts 2006 (Washington, DC, 2006), p.77.

        4 1970-90: Amtrak, Public Affairs, personal communication. 1994-1997: Ibid., National Railroad Passenger Corporation Annual Report,1972, 1980, 1990, and 1993-95. 1998-2005: Association of American Railroads, Railroad Facts 2006 (Washington, DC: 2006), p. 77 and similar pages in earlier issues.

        5 1980-90: Amtrak, Route Miles by Railroad, Corp. Planning & Development. 1994-2001: Amtrak, National Railroad Passenger Corporation Annual Report, Statistical Appendix to Amtrak Annual Report, Annual issues. 2002-05: Association of American Railroads, Railroad Facts 2006 (Washington, DC, 2006), p. 77.


        BTS Rail Profile Performance Class I 1960-1998
          1960 1970 1990 1980 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
        Freight Car Mileage**-1 28,170,000 29,890,000 29,277,000 26,159,000 28,485,000 30,383,000 31,715,000 31,660,000 32,657,000
        Freightr Train Mileage**-1 404,464 427,065 428,498 379,582 440,896 458,271 468,792 474,954 474,947
        Total Locomotive Mileage**-6 N N 1,531,050 1,280,365 1,404,706 1,444,691 1,465,149 1,423,229 1,439,703
        Freight  421,900 1,278,200 1,319,010 1,144,559 1,261,482 1,293,851 1,311,351 1,281,768 1,285,706
        Train-Yard Switching N N 212,040 135,806 143,224 150,840 153,798 141,461 153,997
        Freight Revenue Ton-Miles*-1 572,309 764,809 918,958 1,033,969 1,200,701 1,305,688 1,355,975 1,348,926 1,376,802
        Freight Average Haul-Miles-1 461 515 616 726 817 843 842 851 835
        Freuight Fuel Gallon*-Consumed-1 3,463 3,545 3,904 3,115 3,334 3,480 3,579 3,575 3,583
        AVERAGE MILES TRAVELED PER VEHICLE                  
        Car 14,124 16,502 16,836 21,249 23,523 24,547 25,174 24,541 24,445
        Locomotive N N 54,497 67,978 75,910 76,796 76,037 72,304 71,058
        AVERAGE MILES TRAVELED PER GALLON                  
        Car 8.13 8.43 7.50 8.40 8.54 8.73 8.86 8.86 9.11
        Train 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13
        AMTRAK                  
        Passenger train Car-Miles*-7 N 213 235 301 304 292 276 288 312
        Passenger Train-Miles*-2 N 26 30 33 34 32 30 32 33
        Passenger Locomotive-Miles*-2 N N 41 49 51 48 U U U
        Revenue Passengers* Carried-2 N 17 21 22 21 21 20 20 21
        Revenue Passenger-Miles*-2 N 3,039 4,503 6,057 5,921 5,545 5,050 5,166 5,304
        Average Passenger $-Fare-2 N 8.30 17.72 38.50 39.10 39.92 43.31 45.26 44.75
        Average Passenger Revenue Cent-Mile-2 N 4.5 8.2 14.1 14.0 14.9 16.9 17.7 17.8
        Average Passenger Trip Miles-2 N 182.6 217.0 273.0 279.3 267.9 256.3 255.7 251.4
        LOCOMOTIVE FUEL CONSUMED-8                  
        Diesel Gallons* N N 64 82 75 66 71 75 75
        Electric* kWh N N 254 330 309 304 293 282 275

        Note; Data in Milloins*, Thousands** kWh = kilowatt-hour; N = data do not exist; R = revised; U = data are not available.

        f Amtrak data in this column are for 1972, Amtrak's first full year of operation.

        NOTE

        Amtrak figures are based on Amtrak fiscal year (October 1-September 30).

        SOURCES

        1 Association of American Railroads, Railroad Facts 2006 (Washington, DC: 2004), pp. 3, 9, 10, 27, 33, 34, 36, 40, 49, 52, 77 and similar pages in earlier issues.

        2 1970-2006: Amtrak, National Railroad Passenger Corporation Annual Report, Statistical Appendix to Amtrak Annual Report, Annual issues.

        6 1980-2001: Association of American Railroads, Analysis of Class 1 Railroads (Washington, DC: Annual issues). 2002-04: Ibid., Railroad Ten-Year Trends (Washington, DC: 2005), pp. 119 and 121,personal communication, Feb. 16,2005.

        7 1970-90: Amtrak, Train Information System Reports. 1994-99: Amtrak Corporate Reporting, Route Profitability System, Washington DC, personal communication, August 2001. 2000-05: Association of American Railroads, Railroad Facts 2006 (Washington, DC: 2006), p. 77 and similar pages in earlier issues.


        BTS Rail Profile Performance Class I 1999-2006
          1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005-R 2006
        Freight Car Mileage**-1 33,851,000 34,590,000 34,243,000 34,680,000 35,555,000 37,071,000 37,712,000 38,955,000
        Freight Train Mileage**-1 490,442 504,001 499,546 499,668 515,999 534,696 547,566 562,607
        Total Locomotive Mileage**-6 1,503,947 1,502,819 1,477,546 1,443,531 1,484,074 1,538,385 U U
        Freight  1,349,580 1,354,590 1,327,669 1,300,574 1,353,885 1,398,450 U U
        Train-Yard Switching 154,367 148,229 149,876 142,957 130,190 139,935 U U
        Freight Revenue Ton-Miles*-1 1,433,461 1,465,960 1,495,472 1,507,011 1,551,438 1,662,598 1,696,425 1,771,897
        Average Freight haul-Miles-1 835 843 859 853 862 902 894 906
        Freight Fuel-Gallons* Consumed-1 3,715 3,700 3,710 3,730 3,826 4,059 4,098 4,192
        AVERAGE MILES TRAVELED PER VEHICLE                
        Car 24,369 24,693 25,672 26,269 27,355 28,300 28,248 28,429
        Locomotive 74,247 75,036 74,831 70,396 71,449 69,879 U U
        AVERAGE MILES TRAVELED PER GALLON                
        Car 9.11 9.35 9.23 9.30 9.29 9.13 9.20 9.29
        Train 0.13 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13
        AMTRAK                
        Passenger Train Car Miles*-7 342 371 378 379 332 308 265 264
        Passenger Train Miles*-2 34 35 36 38 37 37 36 36
        Passenger Locomotive Miles*-2 U U U U U U U U
        Revenue* Passengers Carried-2 22 23 24 23 25 25 25 25
        Revenue* Passenger-Miles-2 5,330 5,498 5,559 5,314 5,680 5,511 5,381 5,410
        Average Passenger $-Fare-2- 46.85 49.61 51.58 56.05 57.78 56.81 58.29 65.43
        Average Passenger Revenue Cent-Mile-2 18.9 20.3 21.8 24.5 25.0 26.0 27.16 29.69
        Average Passenger Trip Miles-2 247.9 244.4 236.6 228.4 230.9 218.6 214.6 220.4
        LOCOMOTIVE FUEL CONSUMED-8                
        Diesel Gallons* 74 76 75 86 78 70 68 U
        Electric kWh* 283 350 377 593 666 648 500 U

        Note; Data in Milloins*, Thousands** kWh = kilowatt-hour; N = data do not exist; R = revised; U = data are not available.

        NOTE

        Amtrak figures are based on Amtrak fiscal year (October 1-September 30).

        SOURCES

        1 Association of American Railroads, Railroad Facts 2006 (Washington, DC: 2004), pp. 3, 9, 10, 27, 33, 34, 36, 40, 49, 52, 77 and similar pages in earlier issues.

        2 1970-2006: Amtrak, National Railroad Passenger Corporation Annual Report, Statistical Appendix to Amtrak Annual Report, Annual issues.

        6 1980-2001: Association of American Railroads, Analysis of Class 1 Railroads (Washington, DC: Annual issues). 2002-04: Ibid., Railroad Ten-Year Trends (Washington, DC: 2005), pp. 119 and 121,personal communication, Feb. 16,2005.

        7 1970-90: Amtrak, Train Information System Reports. 1994-99: Amtrak Corporate Reporting, Route Profitability System, Washington DC, personal communication, August 2001. 2000-05: Association of American Railroads, Railroad Facts 2006 (Washington, DC: 2006), p. 77 and similar pages in earlier issues.


        BTS Rail Profile Safety-d,9 Class I: 1960-1998
          1960 1970 1990 1980 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
        Total Fatalities 2,345 2,331 1,424 1,300 1,226 1,146 1,039 1,063 1,008
        Passengers On Trains 34 10 4 3 5 0 12 6 4
        Personnel On Duty 215 179 97 40 31 34 33 37 27
        Personnel Not On Duty N N 4 0 0 2 0 0 2
        Trespassers 637 607 566 700 682 660 620 646 644
        Nont-Trespassers 1,459 1,535 746 554 505 443 365 363 326
        Contractor Personnel N N 7 3 3 7 9 11 5
        Grade Crossing 1,421 1,440 772 698 615 579 488 461 431
        Railroad-e 924 785 645 599 611 567 551 602 577

        Note: Data in Milloins*, Thousands**, N = data do not exist; R = revised.

        d Safety figures from U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Railroad Administration are for all railroads.

        e Figures may not appear directly in data source.

        f Amtrak data in this column are for 1972, Amtrak's first full year of operation.

        NOTE:

        Amtrak figures are based on Amtrak fiscal year (October 1-September 30).

        SOURCES

        9 1960-80: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Railroad Administration, Systems Support Division, RRS-22, personal communication. 1990-94: Ibid., Accident / Incident Bulletin(Washington, DC: Annual issues), tables 7 and 9. 1995-2005: Ibid., Interim Railroad Safety Statistics, Annual Report 2005 (Washington, DC: 2005), table 1-3, and similar tables in earlier editions. 2006: Ibid, Office of Safety Analysis, table 4.08, at:FRA Safety Data as of Dec. 12, 2007.


        BTS Rail Profile Safety Class-d,9 I: 1999-2006
          1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005-R 2006
        Total Fatalities 932 937 971 951 868-R 895-R 887 910
        Passengers On Trains 14 4 3 7 3 3 16 2
        Personnel On Duty 31 24 22 20 19 25 25 16
        Personnel Not On Duty 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0
        Trespassers 570 570 673 646 634 621-R 600 665
        Non-Trespassers 305 335-R 269 267-R 206-R 242-R 241 220
        Contractor Personnel 12 3 4 10 5 4 5 7
        Grade Crossing 402 425 421 357 334 372-R 358 369
        Railroad-e 530 512 550 594 534-R 523-R 529 541

        Note: Data in Milloins*, Thousands**, N = data do not exist; R = revised.

        d Safety figures from U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Railroad Administration are for all railroads.

        e Figures may not appear directly in data source.

        NOTE:

        Amtrak figures are based on Amtrak fiscal year (October 1-September 30).

        SOURCES

        9 1960-80: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Railroad Administration, Systems Support Division, RRS-22, personal communication. 1990-94: Ibid., Accident / Incident Bulletin(Washington, DC: Annual issues), tables 7 and 9. 1995-2005: Ibid., Interim Railroad Safety Statistics, Annual Report 2005 (Washington, DC: 2005), table 1-3, and similar tables in earlier editions. 2006: Ibid, Office of Safety Analysis, table 4.08, at:FRA Safety Data as of Dec. 12, 2007.


        NORTH AMERICAN FREIGHT CARS IN SERVICES
        January 1, 2007
          Total
        All Owners
        Railroads
        Class I
        Railroads
        Other
        Car Companies & Shippers
        Canada
        183,593
        146,547
        6,268
        30,778
        Mexico
        33,650
        22,280
        5,552
        5,818
        United States
        1,346,507
        475,415
        120,688
        750,404
        Totals
        1,563,750
        644,242
        132,508
        787,000

        NOTE: * For Canada and Mexico, "Class I" railroads exceed the revenue threshold and would be Class I railroads if they were U.S. railroads.

        Canadian-owned U.S. railroads are included in the Canadian figures.

        Some railroads may possess additional freight cars that are unregistered.

        Copyright © 2008, Association of American Railroads.


        TABLE 3-4-2: AMTRAK FLEET AGE OF LOCOMOTIVES-COACHES
        FISCAL YEARS: 1995–2007
        Years Locomotives Passenger Cars And Other Rolling Stock
        1995
        13.9
        21.8
        1996
        14.4
        20.7
        1997
        12.0
        19.8
        1998
        12.6
        21.1
        1999
        12.8
        22.2
        2000
        11.2
        19.4
        2001
        13.9
        18.5
        2002
        13.7
        20.4
        2003
        14.8
        21.4
        2004
        15.7
        22.4
        2005
        16.4
        23.3
        2006
        17.5
        22.5
        2007
        18.5
        22.2

        NOTE: Roadrailers are not considered rolling stock for the purpose of these calculations.

        SOURCE: National Railroad Passenger Corporation (Amtrak), personal communication as of August 2008 as reported in U.S. Department of Transportation, Research and Innovative Technology Administration, Bureau of Transportation Statistics,National Transportation Statistics, table 1-30, available as of October 2008.


        BTS TABLE: 1-7 STATIONS SERVED BY AMTRAK AND RAIL TRANSIT
        Fiscal Year: 1984-1995
        Year 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
        Amtrak
        510
        503
        491
        487
        498
        504
        516
        523
        524
        535
        540
        530
        Rail Transit
        1,822
        1,895
        1,920
        2,164
        2,027
        2,143
        2,169
        2,192
        2,240
        2,286
        2,376
        2,282

        NOTE: U = data are not available.

        U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Transit Administration, National Transit Database 2006 (Washington, DC: 2008), table 21 and similar tables in earlier editions.

        Rail transit is the sum of commuter rail, heavy rail, and light rail. In several large urban areas, Amtrak and commuter rail stations are shared. Starting in 2001 stations serving the Alaska Railroad are included in the rail transit total.

        Rail transit data for 2002 and later years include service both directly operated and purchased. Prior to 2002, data only include directly operated service.

        NOTE:

      • 1984-2002: Amtrak, Amtrak Annual Report , Statistical Appendix (Washington, DC: Annual issues).
      • 2003-04: Ibid., State Fact Sheets , Amtrak as of Nov. 11, 2005.
      • 2005: Ibid., State Fact Sheets , Amtrak as of Mar. 22, 2006.

      • BTS TABLE: 1-7 STATIONS SERVED BY AMTRAK AND RAIL TRANSIT
        Fiscal Year: 1996-2007
        Year 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
        Amtrak
        542
        516
        508
        510
        515
        512
        515
        526
        526
        527
        505
        518
        Rail Transit
        2,325
        2,391
        2,524
        2,567
        2,595
        2,621
        2,784
        2797
        2,909
        2,936
        2,975
        U

        NOTE: U = data are not available.

        U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Transit Administration, National Transit Database 2006 (Washington, DC: 2008), table 21 and similar tables in earlier editions.

        Rail transit is the sum of commuter rail, heavy rail, and light rail. In several large urban areas, Amtrak and commuter rail stations are shared. Starting in 2001 stations serving the Alaska Railroad are included in the rail transit total.

        Rail transit data for 2002 and later years include service both directly operated and purchased. Prior to 2002, data only include directly operated service.

        NOTE:

      • 1984-2002: Amtrak, Amtrak Annual Report , Statistical Appendix (Washington, DC: Annual issues).
      • 2003-04: Ibid., State Fact Sheets , Amtrak as of Nov. 11, 2005.
      • 2005: Ibid., State Fact Sheets , Amtrak as of Mar. 22, 2006.

      • WORLDWIDE PAID VACATIONS
        Italy
        42 days
        France
        37 days
        Germany
        35 days
        Brazil
        34 days
        United Kingdom
        28 days
        Canada
        26 days
        Korea
        25 days
        Japan
        25 days
        U.S
        13 days

        NOTE: Countries and the average number of paid vacation days per year.



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        Fax: (804) 293-1990
        E-Mail: Ken.Winter@VDOT.Virginia.gov
        Virginia Transportation Research Council
        Library
        530 Edgemont Road
        Charlottesville, VA 22903 

        Kathy Szolomayer
        (360) 705-7751
        Fax: (360) 705-6831
        E-Mail: Szolomk@wsdot.wa.gov
        Washington State Department of Transportation
        WSDOT HQ Library
        P.O. Box 47425
        310 Maple Park Ave. SE
        Olympia, WA 98504-7425

        Rebecca Christie
        (360) 709-5404
        Fax: (360) 709-5588
        E-Mail: ChrisRe@wsdot.wa.gov
        WSDOT Materials Laboratory Library
        P.O. Box 47365
        1655 S Second Ave.
        Tumwater, WA 98512-6951

        John Cherney
        (608) 266-0724
        Fax: (608) 261-6303
        E-Mail: john.cherney@dot.wi.gov
        Wisconsin Department of Transportation
        Library
        4802 Sheboygan, Room 100
        Madison, WI 53707

        Bob Cullen
        (202) 624-8918
        Fax: (202) 624-5469
        E-Mail: bobc@aashto.org
        AASHTO Information Center
        444 N. Capitol St., N.W.
        Suite 249
        Washington, DC 20001 

        Jennifer Boteler, Managing Librarian
        (202) 493-3071
        Fax: (202) 493-3495
        E-Mail: Jennifer.Boteler@fhwa.dot.gov
        Federal Highway Administration Research Library
        Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center
        6300 Georgetown Pike
        McLean, VA 22101-2296

        Barbara Post
        (202) 334-2990
        E-Mail: bpost@nas.edu
        Jessica Fomalont
        (202) 334-2989
        E-Mail: jfomalont@nas.edu
        Fax: (202) 334-2527
        Transportation Research Board Library
        Transportation Research Board Library
        Keck 440
        500 Fifth St. NW
        Washington, DC 20001




        Greenhouse Gases Program
        Fuel and Energy Source Codes and Emission Coefficients
        Fuel Code
        Emission Coefficients
        Pounds CO2 per Unit
        Volume or Mass
        Pounds CO2 per
        Million Btu
        Petroleum Products
        Aviation Gasoline AV 18.355 per gallon 152.717
            770.916 per barrel  
        Distillate Fuel (No. 1, No. 2, No. 4 Fuel Oil and Diesel) DF 22.384 per gallon 161.386
            940.109 per barrel  
        Jet Fuel JF 21.095 per gallon 156.258
            885.98 per barrel  
        Kerosene KS 21.537 per gallon 159.535
            904.565 per barrel  
        Liquified Petroleum Gases (LPG) LG 12.805 per gallon 139.039
            537.804 per barrel  
        Motor Gasoline MG 19.564 per gallon 156.425
            822.944 per barrel  
        Petroleum Coke PC 32.397 per gallon 225.130
            1356.461 per barrel  
            6768.667 per short ton  
        Residual Fuel (No. 5 and No. 6 Fuel Oil) RF 26.033 per gallon 173.906
            1,093.384 per barrel  
         
        Natural Gas and Other Gaseous Fuels
        Methane ME 116.376 per 1000 ft3 115.258
        Landfill Gas LF 1 per 1000 ft3 115.258
        Flare Gas FG 133.759 per 1000 ft3 120.721
        Natural Gas (Pipeline) NG 120.593 per 1000 ft3 117.080
        Propane PR 12.669 per gallon 139.178
            532.085 per barrel  
         
        Electricity EL
        Varies depending on fuel used to generate electricity
        Electricity Generated from Landfill Gas LE
        Varies depending on heat rate of the power generating facility
         
        Coal CL      
        Anthracite AC 5685.00 per short ton 227.400
        Bituminous BC 4931.30 per short ton 205.300
        Subbituminous SB 3715.90 per short ton 212.700
        Lignite LC 2791.60 per short ton 215.400
         
        Renewable Sources
        Biomass BM
        Varies depending on the composition of the biomass
        Geothermal Energy GE 0   0
        Wind WN 0   0
        Photovoltaic and Solar Thermal PV 0   0
        Hydropower HY 0   0
        Tires/Tire-Derived Fuel TF 6160 per short ton 189.538
        Wood and Wood Waste 2 WW 3812 per short ton 195.0
        Municipal Solid Waste 2 MS 1999 per short ton 199.854
         
        Nuclear NU 0   0
         
        Other ZZ 0   0


        1 For a landfill gas coefficient per thousand standard cubic foot, multiply the methane factor by the share of the landfill gas that is methane.

        2 These biofuels contain "biogenic" carbon. Under international greenhouse gas accounting methods developed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, biogenic carbon is part of the natural carbon balance and it will not add to atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide.3 Reporters may wish to use an emission factor of zero for wood, wood waste, and other biomass fuels in which the carbon is entirely biogenic. Municipal solid waste, however, normally contains inorganic materials principally plastics that contain carbon that is not biogenic. The proportion of plastics in municipal solid waste varies considerably depending on climate, season, socio-economic factors, and waste management practices. As a result, EIA does not estimate a non-biogenic carbon dioxide emission factor for municipal solid waste. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency estimates that, in 1997, municipal solid waste in the United States contained 15.93 percent plastics and the carbon dioxide emission factor for these materials was 5,771 lbs per ton.4 Using this information, a proxy for a national average non-biogenic emission factor of 919 lbs carbon dioxide per short ton of municipal solid waste can be derived. This represents 91.9 lbs carbon dioxide per million Btu, assuming the average energy content of municipal solid waste is 5,000 Btu/lb.

        3 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Greenhouse Gas Inventory Reference Manual: Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Vol. 3, Pg. 6.28, (Paris France 1997).

        4 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-1998, EPA 236-R-00-001, Washington, DC, April 2000.






        Table 4-49: 1990-1998 U.S. Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Energy Use by Sector

        (Million metric tons of carbon)

        Sector (R) 1990 (R) 1991 (R) 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
        Total U.S. CO2 Emissions from energy use by sector 1,369.0 1,356.7 1,382.4 (R) 1,410.4 (R) 1,431.9 (R) 1,445.9 (R) 1,496.5 (R) 1,516.8 (R) 1,528.5
        Transportation 432.8 427.2 433.0 439.2 450.5 458.7 470.5 (R) 475.5 485.3
        Natural gas 9.8 9.0 8.8 9.3 10.3 (R) 10.5 (R) 10.7 (R) 11.3 9.6
        Electricity 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
        Petroleum 422.0 417.3 423.4 429.0 439.3 447.4 459.0 463.4 474.8
        Motor gasoline 263.5 262.1 266.0 272.6 275.9 280.8 285.6 288.2 296.6
        Liquid petroleum gas 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3
        Jet fuel 60.7 58.7 58.2 58.7 61.0 60.6 63.3 63.9 64.9
        Distillate fuel 73.0 71.8 73.5 75.7 80.4 83.7 89.2 93.2 96.0
        Residual fuel 21.8 22.0 23.0 19.4 19.0 19.6 18.3 15.3 14.5
        Lubricants 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.8
        Aviation gas 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7
        Industrial 460.7 449.2 468.4 (R) 466.8 (R) 475.1 (R) 474.4 (R) 488.6 (R) 494.2 (R) 488.8
        Residential 261.4 265.8 266.2 (R) 282.5 (R) 280.7 (R) 282.4 (R) 298.6 (R) 296.2 (R) 298.2
        Commercial 214.1 214.4 214.8 (R) 221.8 (R) 225.7 (R) 230.5 (R) 238.9 (R) 250.8 (R) 256.3
        Total U.S. CO2 Emissions (Incl. adj. and other sources)a 1,369.6 1,357.1 1,386.0 (R) 1,419.0 (R) 1,442.5 (R) 1,456.6 (R) 1,507.1 (R) 1,525.7 (R) 1,534.5

        KEY: CO2 = carbon dioxide; R = revised.

        a "Adjustments" comprise the addition of U.S. territories and the subtraction of military bunker fuels and international bunker fuels. "Other sources" include emissions from industrial processes, such as cement and limestone production.

        NOTES

        Electric utility emissions are distributed across end-use sectors.

        Numbers may not add to totals due to independent rounding.

        Tons of carbon can be converted to tons of carbon dioxide gas through multiplying by 3.667. One ton of carbon equals 3.667 tons of carbon dioxide gas.

        Numbers in this table may not be comparable to the numbers in the previous edition of the report due to changes in methodology of estimation by the Energy Information Administration.

        SOURCE

        U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States 2008, (Washington, DC: 2008)







        Table 4-49: 1999-2008 U.S. Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Energy Use by Sector

        (Million metric tons of carbon)

        Sector 1999 2000 (R) 2001 (R) 2002 2003 2004 (R) 2005 (R) 2006 (R) 2007 2008
        Total U.S. CO2 Emissions from energy use by sector (R) 1,544.9 (R) 1,595.4 1,566.8 1,578.8 (R) 1,592.2 (R) 1,623.3 1,629.2 1,607.2 1,632.5 1,585.6
        Transportation 498.6 510.7 504.9 515.6 517.4 534.2 542.3 549.3 552.4 526.3
        Natural gas 9.8 9.7 9.5 10.2 9.1 8.7 9.0 9.0 9.6 9.8
        Electricity 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3
        Petroleum 487.9 500.0 494.3 504.4 (R) 507.1 524.2 532.0 539.0 541.4 515.2
        Motor gasoline 304.1 306.0 307.4 315.3 (R) 316.3 322.1 322.9 323.7 323.8 309.5
        Liquid petroleum gas 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3
        Jet fuel 66.9 69.2 66.2 64.6 63.1 65.4 67.2 65.3 64.9 61.7
        Distillate Fuel 99.8 103.0 105.6 107.6 113.0 118.3 121.2 128.0 128.8 121.5
        Residual Fuel 14.3 19.1 12.6 14.5 12.3 15.9 18.0 19.5 21.4 20.2
        Lubricants 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4
        Aviation Gas 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5
        Industrial (R) 482.1 (R) 486.7 465.6 459.1 (R) 460.9 (R) 471.4 455.8 452.1 451.4 433.4
        Residential (R) 304.5 (R) 321.7 318.3 326.6 (R) 334.0 (R) 333.2 342.1 323.6 336.8 332.7
        Commercial (R) 259.7 (R) 276.3 278.0 277.6 (R) 279.8 (R) 284.5 289.0 282.2 291.9 293.2
        Total U.S. CO2 Emissions (Incl. adj. and other sources)a (R) 1,553.1 (R) 1,605.2 1,580.7 1,595.1 (R) 1,611.4 (R) 1,638.9 1,644.1 1,616.8 1,640.9 1,592.4

        KEY: CO2 = carbon dioxide; R = revised.

        a "Adjustments" comprise the addition of U.S. territories and the subtraction of military bunker fuels and international bunker fuels. "Other sources" include emissions from industrial processes, such as cement and limestone production.

        NOTES

        Electric utility emissions are distributed across end-use sectors.

        Numbers may not add to totals due to independent rounding.

        Tons of carbon can be converted to tons of carbon dioxide gas through multiplying by 3.667. One ton of carbon equals 3.667 tons of carbon dioxide gas.

        Numbers in this table may not be comparable to the numbers in the previous edition of the report due to changes in methodology of estimation by the Energy Information Administration.

        SOURCE

        U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States 2008, (Washington, DC: 2008)




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